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RGUHS Nat. J. Pub. Heal. Sci Vol: 15 Issue: 2 eISSN: pISSN
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Application of Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics in the 21st century
Lavanya V, M S Keerthivasan, Dr.C.J.Venkata Krishnan, Tamizhesai Bala Vadivel, Dr. Anand V
Tagore dental college and hospital India.
The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the 21st century has caused drastic upheavals in variety of industries, with healthcare standing out as a key beneficiary. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rising into health technology, revolutionising medical administrations through predictive, preventative, individualized, and participatory approaches. AI envelops distinctive computational concepts such as machine learning, deep learning procedures, and neural systems.[1] By mirroring human insights, AI frameworks offer plenty of benefits to people in their everyday lives. From dispensing with spam emails to cutting-edge smartwatches separating between schedule and high-impact exercises through accelerometer sensors and personalized item suggestions by online retailers, AI consistently coordinates social orders worldwide. Machine learning helps in the department of healthcare to provide ideal learning sources for healthcare professionals. This technology offers assistance, help in simplifying complexities of clinical difficulties, and increase symptomatic precision. The improvement of information preparation, and the accessibility of enormous sums of information have driven the expanding selection of AI in medicine and dentistry. The department of radiology, say, for example, has benefited from the use of a specific computation that aids in diagnosing and recommending suitable treatment options. AI has the potential to be used in a few branches of dentistry, including the department of prosthodontics, the department of orthodontics, the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and the department of periodontics for screening and treatment planning. AI has an enormous power to rule the field of prosthodontics. Machine learning can analyse patient information and conclude the finest treatment for each person based on their unique needs and problems. For illustration, AI can plan and create customized dental prostheses such as crowns, bridges, and dentures that flawlessly fit into the patient's oral cavity and work very naturally for the patient. AI is often helpful in situations where patients have one-of-a-kind or complicated dental structures that needs very customised approach. AI can help in implantology by perfectly arranging the orientation and also the placement of dental implants depending on factors such as bone thickness and close proximity of arteries, veins and nerves. AI may offer assistance to decrease the hazard of complications and progress the by and significant victory rate of the strategy. Artificial intelligence will improve the accuracy, proficiency, and viability of prostheses, eventually progressing quality of care for patients. The current literature review study can be an important asset for dentists and dental analysts who need to investigate the potential advancement of AI in the field of prosthetic dentistry and oral implantology. As age advances, patients expect more qualitative and conservative treatment; hence, the implementation of artificial intelligence, will benefit to the quality of treatment.
Tigecycline as Therapeutic Choice in The Treatment of Infections Caused by Multi Drug Resistant Organisms- A Mini-Review
Kavya C, Sushma Krishna, Apoorva Dev M
East West College Of Pharmacy India.
Tigecycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially in complicated intra-abdominal (cIAIs) and skin infections (cSSTIs). It is active against MRSA, VRE, and ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria but has limitations against intrinsically resistant organisms such as P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Also, the pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline limit its use in BSIs and pneumonia. But combination therapy with colistin or carbapenems improves outcomes in patients with blood stream infections. Tigecycline in high-dose regimens enhance efficacy but with some risk of adverse effects. Its role in stewardship programs is very important, but resistance development demands judicious use, combination regimens, and robust infection control measures.
EARLY WARNING SCORE: A NOVEL CLINICAL SCORE TO STRATIFY RISK IN FEBRILE THROMBOCYTOPENIA
ARUNIMA M NAIR, Chandrashekhar H R, Keshava H K, Aditya Kudva
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences India.
Background:Febrile thrombocytopenia is a frequently encountered clinical condition,especially in regions prone to infectious diseases such as dengue,malaria and leptospirosis. Recent evidence suggests that relying solely on platelet levels may be insufficient for predicting outcomes including need for platelet transfusions.To address this gap,clinical risk stratification systems like the Early Warning Score(EWS) have been developed to incorporate additional parameters,including vital signs and organ system involvement,to more accurately assess risk and guide therapeutic interventions. Aim:To validate Early Warning Score for risk stratification in patients with febrile thrombocytopenia to optimize therapeutic interventions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with febrile thrombocytopenia.Data was collected on platelet count, vital signs (pulse,temperature,respiratory rate,blood pressure)and complications in the neurological,respiratory,hematological, hepatic and renal systems.EWS was applied to stratify patients into risk categories and data analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.5 ± 13.18 years, with 58% males.The mean clinical EWS was 12.26 ± 3.741,with 6% patients classified as low risk,76% as moderate risk,and 18% as high risk.The survival rate was 90%,with patients who died exhibiting significantly higher Early Warning Score (19.67 ± 4.163) compared to survivors (11.79 ± 3.216) (p <0.002). Conclusion: The study supports the use of the Early Warning Score over platelet count alone in managing febrile thrombocytopenia,as it better stratifies risk and reduces unnecessary platelet transfusions.Patients in higher risk categories based on the EWS had poorer outcomes, demonstrating the utility of this system in clinical practice. Keywords:Febrile thrombocytopenia,Early Warning Score,platelet transfusion,risk stratification,clinical outcomes.
Effect of Nutritional Supplements on Biochemical Parameters in Gym-Goers
Avi Mittal, Kiran Dahiya, Ajay Momi, Chandini Dash, Rutul Patel, Rishika Chopra
Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences or PGIMS Rohtak India.
Background: There is a craze for body building and fitness among young adults. Most of the gym goers use some or the other nutritional supplements for quick results without knowing their impact on metabolism in the body. Aim: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplements on routine laboratory parameters in gym-going young adult males. Materials and methods: Fifty participants were recruited and divided into two groups of 25 each on the basis of whether they were using dietary supplements or not. Complete blood count and serum levels for fasting glucose, renal function tests, liver function tests and lipid profile were measured and statistically compared between the two groups. Results: A difference was noticed in a number of parameters in the two groups but it was statistically significant for serum uric acid, phosphorus, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) only (p>0.05). Serum levels of liver function tests and glucose were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion: Potential metabolic changes are induced by dietary supplements used by gym-goers. The information may help to develop more evidence-based recommendations for the use of dietary supplements and to improve community health.
Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidities on Quality of Life in Patients with Dermatological Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dr Santosh R Patil, Anantprakash S Saraf, Sharad Manore, Pooja Pandey
Chhattisgarh Dental College & Research Institute, India India.
Background: Dermatological conditions significantly affect patients’ quality of life and are frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. Understanding the sociodemographic, dermatological, and psychiatric profiles of the affected individuals is essential for providing holistic care. Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, dermatological profiles, and psychiatric comorbidities of patients attending a dermatology outpatient department and examine the association between quality of life and psychiatric parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 114 patients with dermatological disease. Data were collected using validated tools including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and associations were analyzed using chi-squared tests, logistic regression, and correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive utility of PHQ-9 for high DLQI scores. Results: The majority of the patients were young, unmarried, and urban residents, with acne (36.0%) and fungal infections (27.2%) being the most common dermatological conditions. Psychiatric comorbidities were prevalent, with 60.5% of participants experiencing depression and 44.7% reporting anxiety. Higher DLQI scores were significantly associated with the PHQ-9 (p < 0.05), HAM-D (p < 0.05), and GAD-7 (p < 0.05) scores. Logistic regression identified the PHQ-9 and HAM-D as independent predictors of high DLQI scores (p < 0.05). ROC analysis of the PHQ-9 yielded an AUC of 0.72, suggesting moderate accuracy in predicting an impaired quality of life. Conclusion: Dermatological conditions are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and quality-of-life impairments. Depression and anxiety are key predictors of poor quality of life. These findings emphasize the need for integrated dermatology and mental healthcare to address the holistic needs of patients.
A comparative study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bedside hydrogen peroxide test and light’s criteria in differentiating pleural effusions as transudate and exudate
PREETHI BP
J J M MEDICAL COLLEGE India.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pleural effusions are common manifestations of a variety of pathologies. The specific cause must be identified to initiate timely treatment. Primary step in achieving diagnosis is to differentiate transudative from exudative effusions, for which Light’s criteria have been accepted as gold standard. However, some recent studies investigating Light’s criteria revealed high sensitivity for exudates, but low specificity. This initiated us to evaluate bedside H2O2 test as an alternative to Light’s criteria METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 100 subjects was conducted to determine diagnostic accuracy of bedside H2O2 test to differentiate between transudative and exudative pleural fluid compared to Light’s criteria. Diagnosis of exudate is made using Light’s criteria when pleural fluid protein/serum protein > 0.5 or pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH > 0.6 and diagnosis of transudate is made when there is no fulfillment of this criteria. Based on H2O2 test, diagnosis of exudate is made when profuse bubbling occurs within a minute of addition of H2O2 to pleural fluid, and diagnosis of transudate is made when no bubbling is observed. RESULTS: Male preponderance with higher incidence of pleural effusion observed among urban dwellers. 74% were chronic tobacco consumers and 62% chronic alcoholics. H2O2 test has 88.52% sensitivity,94.87% specificity,96.4% positive predictive value,88.4%negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy 91.0%. CONCLUSION: Simple bedside H2O2 test facilitates more rapid categorization of pleural fluid as transudate or exudate thereby reducing turnaround time and allowing initiation of treatment at earliest. H2O2 test is cost-effective, making it more acceptable in resource-deficient laboratory settings. KEYWORDS: Pleural effusion, transudate, exudate, Light’s criteria, bedside H2O2 test
Correlation of arterial blood gas and serum electrolyte levels in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Mayurkumar goradhanbhai makadia , aashna shah, dharaben kanani, kaushik chaudhari, vishva shah, dipika sathavara
P. D. U. Medical College, Rajkot India.
INTRODUCTION: Neonates admitted to the intensive care units are susceptible to developing electrolyte imbalances, which can result in an increased mortality rate. Measuring electrolyte levels, particularly sodium and potassium, is often necessary in seriously ill patients. The present study aimed to compare the concentration of sodium and potassium between the arterial blood sample and serum from the venous blood sample. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 100 hospitalized neonates in the NICU whose samples were taken for ABG and serum electrolytes simultaneously, and both samples were processed on GEM PREMIER 3000 and Roche AVL 9180 Electrolyte Analyzer, respectively. Statistical measures employed to compare the data included the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The mean concentration of sodium was 135.05 mmol/L (Standard Deviation (SD) = 6.69 mmol/L) using the ABG and 135.36 mmol/L (SD= 6.54 mmol/L) using the serum sample. The mean level of the potassium was 3.91 mmol/L (SD= 0.86 mmol/L) using the ABG and 4.12 mmol/L (SD= 0.91 mmol/L) using the serum sample. The associated correlation coefficients were 0.89 and 0.88 respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We conclude that the results for Na+ and K+ are like those of the ABG sample and serum from the venous blood sample. So, one can decrease the amount of blood sample volume and the number of needle punctures required for electrolytes assessment in neonates admitted to the NICU.
Chikungunya Virus Infection in and around Akola District, Maharashtra– Rising Trend over a Decade
Dr Nazneen Malak, Dr. Sharmila Raut, Dr. Seematai Katole, Dr. Nitin Ambhore
Government Medical College Akola India.
Chikungunya is a viral fever caused by an arbovirus belonging to genus alpha virus and transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is a serious public health issue with symptoms of abruptly rising temperature, acute arthralgia and rash. Aim and Objectives: To estimate the seropositivity of chikungunya infection in suspected patients and also to analyze the seasonal trend and clinical manifestations of the infection. Materials and methods: Total 13,554 serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were received from Jan 2015 to April 2024 in the microbiology laboratory at a tertiary care hospital from in and around Akola district. The samples were then tested for Chikungunya IgM antibody by using IgM antibody capture ELISA kit (NIV CHIK IgM) developed by National Institute of Virology, Pune, India. Results: Out of total 13,554 serum samples received, 794 (5.86%) samples were positive for chikungunya IgM antibody ELISA. Maximum positivity was found in the age group 21-30 years (23.8%), with female preponderance (53.65%) and in the month of October (27.95%) followed by November (14.23%). All the positive patients had fever and joint pain. Conclusion: A rising trend in seropositivity was seen in and around Akola district over a decade. This reiterates the fact that chikungunya continues to be a major health concern in our setting and indicates the need for regular surveillance and laboratory testing of suspected cases will reduce the disease burden and severity.
MESENTERIC CHYLOLYMPHATIC CYST OF TERMINAL ILEUM IN A CHILD
Nandkishor Shinde, Abu Hasim Aziz, Mohammed Baseer, Sharan Basappa Kupendra
Khaja Bandanawaz University- Faculty of medical sciences, Kalaburagi. India.
Chylolymphatic cyst is a rare variant of mesenteric cyst. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic to features of bowel obstruction. We encounter a 4 year male child presented with pain in the abdomen, fever and vomiting since 2 days. On per abdominal examination mobile, soft, mass of 10 X 9 cm palpable in right iliac fossa extending to umbilical and right lumbar region. Ultrasonography and CT abdomen revealed a cystic lesion in relation to small intestines in right lower abdomen. On surgical exploration, a 15cm × 10cm cyst was seen arising from the mesentery of terminal ileum adjacent to ileal wall. Dilated lymphatic was seen entering into the chylolymphatic cyst. Excision of the Chylolymphatic cyst with resection of the involved ileum and ileo-ileal anastomosis was done. White milky fluid was present in the cyst which consistent with a chylolymphatic cyst. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology which showed lymphoid aggregates in the cyst wall. Post operative period was uneventful.
A Rare Case Of severe skin reaction to Mycophenolate mofetil in a case of SLE with Lupus Nephritis
RUBIYA M, SAHANA DEVADAS, SUJATHA P, DAKSHAYANI B
Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, India.
We report a rare case of a severe maculopapular rash following the initiation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in a 13-year-old female adolescent who was diagnosed as a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with stage IV lupus nephritis. MMF, an effective immunosuppressive agent, selectively inhibits T and B lymphocyte proliferation and is known for its rapid onset and relatively mild side effect profile compared to other immunosuppressants. The patient was initially treated with intravenous and oral prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine followed by introduction of mycophenolate mofetil after 2days. Within 24 hours of starting MMF, she developed an adverse event characterized by a maculopapular rash with blisters associated with intense itching, facial puffiness, and swelling of the lips. High-dose steroids and discontinuation of MMF led to gradual improvement, with complete resolution of symptoms within two days. The diagnosis of a drug eruption was supported by symptom resolution and the marked response to steroids. While common side effects of MMF include gastrointestinal disturbances and peripheral oedema, severe skin reactions are infrequent. Given the overall prevalence of MMF use, we present a rare case of generalised maculopapular rash caused by MMF. This case highlights the adverse event caused by MMF in the context of SLE and lupus nephritis, underscoring the need for vigilance in monitoring patients receiving this treatment.
Primary peritonitis without abdominal signs causing a diagnostic dilemma: A Case Report
Veerabhadra Radhakrishna, Chaitra Govardhan, Christi Savio, Praveen Thipphalli
Church of South India Hospital, India.
Primary peritonitis typically presents with signs of peritonitis. A six-year-old female presented with fever, loose stools, and non-bilious vomiting for three days, without abdominal pain, distension, guarding, or rigidity. Despite the initial absence of classic peritonitis features, she was found to have pyoperitoneum after three days in the hospital, prompting emergency abdominal exploration. She was diagnosed with primary peritonitis and treated with peritoneal lavage and antibiotics. This case highlights how primary peritonitis can present atypically, potentially misleading clinicians and leading to significant morbidity in pediatric patients.